Matrix management effectiveness

Since its early application in the military and aerospace industries, the effectiveness of matrix management has been subject to question and controversy. However, there is renewed interest in matrix management due to the globalization of business and the increasing usage of cross-functional teams. This paper provides empirical evidence on the strengths and weaknesses of the matrix management organizational structure, with specific emphasis on the conflict between program and functional managers. The data source for this study is a survey of practicing program managers and engineers in nine primary and secondary contracting firm doing business with military and/or aerospace industries. The effectiveness of matrix management in this sector and the critical role of the program manager in ensuring its success are the key findings of this research.