The matrix structure

Project matrix structure has been criticized in books such as In Search of Excellence by Thomas Peters and Robert Waterman. Some critics have even suggested that matrix systems be abolished. To examine these criticisms more thoroughly, 64 high-technology organizations in the Southeastern United States were examined. 44 of these organizations were using a matrix structure similar to the project matrix system. Through analysis of the gathered data, the authors found flaws in the assertions made by matrix system critics. However, the data also showed that some organizations used matrix systems when it was not the most appropriate system for the project. In addition, misimplementation by management may contribute to the failure of a matrix system project.