I'm growing weary of project managers whining about bad requirements. The truth is, no one can possibly be surprised. From research studies to high-profile disasters, we hear over and over that incorrect requirements and poor scope management are key reasons projects fail. If we know this is a recurring problem in our profession, why do we mindlessly continue engaging in the rote repetition of what doesn't work?
I'd like to share some suggestions to keep us from stumbling over the same mistakes:
Surrender the pipe dream of complete requirements.
There's always going to be one dependency missed, one stakeholder we didn't interview, one nuance hidden, one more thing we wished we had known. Don't fall into the trap that more is better or you'll never get started.
Always assume the initial requirements are wrong.
Sometimes the scope is inappropriately slanted toward one stakeholder or hasn't been properly vetted. Sometimes the bulk of the requirements are actually “nice-to-haves.” Today's project manager is expected to have the organizational savvy and facilitation skills to get to the root of these problems. To ensure that you yield the right priorities at the right time, take the initial scope statement as a starting point, then work with the sponsor to refine it.
Accept that all requirements change. Traditional project management culture portrays change as a necessary evil, like traffic laws: If drivers did everything right, we wouldn't need them. To mitigate the “risk” of change, we install intimidating change-control boards and financial penalties. But what if the scope you've been implementing for the last two years is no longer relevant to the market? Does it make sense to have your sponsor continue paying for what is now essentially a useless deliverable? Not in my estimation.
If we accept that our requirements are incomplete and incorrect, then we need to edit them to reflect reality. Indeed, A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) warns: “Because of the potential for change, the project management plan is iterative and goes through progressive elaboration throughout the project's life cycle.”
〉〉 Today's project manager is expected to have the organizational savvy and facilitation skills to get to the root of these problems. To ensure you yield the right priorities at the right time, take the initial scope statement as a starting point, then work with the sponsor to refine it.
Simplify your change-management approach. Agile project managers explicitly embrace the value of responding to change and institute project policies accordingly. Start by implementing a contract structure that supports authorized change rather than penalizes it. At the start of each iteration, mandate a high-level yet thorough revision of scope priorities. If your sponsor has difficulty determining priorities, coach him or her through the tradeoffs. Once changes are accepted, re-baseline earned value metrics at least every three to four iterations to match the latest scope. And while you're at it, proactively communicate the latest scope to all stakeholders.
If you consistently find your requirements getting you into trouble, do something about it. It's your responsibility as the project manager to be adaptable to your sponsor's needs. Stop taking the requirements for granted and start equipping your sponsor to make the right scope choices. PM
Jesse Fewell, CST, PMP, is the managing director for offshore agile projects at RippleRock India and founder of the PMI Agile Community of Practice. He can be reached at [email protected].